Which type of wave is characterized by spilling over rather than plunging?

The type of wave characterized by spilling over rather than plunging is a spilling wave. Spilling waves occur when the slope of the ocean floor is gradual, allowing the wave to lose energy more gradually as it approaches the shore. As these waves reach the shoreline, the crest spills over the front of the wave, creating a foamy surface as it breaks. This phenomenon produces a more gentle and longer-lasting wave, which is often considered safer for activities such as swimming and beginner surfing.

In contrast, surging and plunging waves break much more drastically. Surging waves do not crest in a typical manner but instead surge forward and break closer to the shore, while plunging waves create a sudden drop and can be more powerful and dangerous, making them less suitable for less experienced surfers. Rough waves typically describe turbulent and chaotic wave conditions but do not directly pertain to the specific breaking characteristics like spilling, surging, or plunging waves do.